Political and philosophical discourse on the border between the Caliphate and terrorism – ISIS

The Islamic terrorism has unleashed the migration wave to Europe from the Middle East countries. On 30 June 2014 the extremist organization the “Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant” (ISIS or ISIL) has announced the establishment of a caliphate. With this act its leaders not only has shocked the region and the world, but also they challenged the contemporary Islamic theologians. As a matter of fact, “khalifa” Abu Bakar al-Baghdadi triggered the most important “takfiri”, apostatizing trend within Muslim world. They formed the dogmatic case which brought to the surface the group as a real entity which has long struggled leadership among the other terrorist formations. After the announcement of the caliphate ISIL, it abolished “Iraq and the Levant” from its name and became only the “Islamic state”, and it does claiming their uniqueness to their competitors. This terrorist organization has had a long history in Iraq. It has appeared on the map of extremist actors of still living former dictator Saddam Hussein. Its “birth date” is about 2000 and its creator is the Jordanian Abu Musaab Zarqawi.

In 2005, the formation now has called Al Qaeda in Mesopotamia. Zarqawi has announced this in a letter to Osama bin Laden as a gesture of loyalty to him.
In 2006, The Al Qaeda in Iraq has declared the Islamic state in Iraq and formed a "government". Among its objectives is the announcement of the Caliphate, but then officially its leaders do not dare to do so. It has declared Ramadi city for its capital. Followed by the killing of Zarqawi in 2006 and the creation of an antialkaydist the "Islamic councils revival" of the local Sunni tribes, the American troops inflict a deadly blow to the Al Qaeda in the country. It has been totally marginalized as Sunni population and the majority of the rebel groups in the Central Iraq have confront to religious extremists.
1. The Caliphate -A stage at formation of the state and the dogmatic case According to the theorists of the Al Qaeda the caliphate is the last stage of "maturation of the Islamic state". Perhaps, the most concentrated form a notions and a formation process for the state has developed in the study of Islamic thinker Abu Bakr Naji, The management of a savagery. The four stages of the Islamic a formation of the state are the following (Chukov, 2007): (1) Stage a puncture. Case of when they are attacking the polity institutions, the economic facilities, the production facilities, and especially those who are services for the population as the provision of electricity, the water and the supplies. The plans of the tacticians of an alkaydist have been the power institutions of the state of the sunits to be forced to withdraw them control of the national territory. This seems to be the most important stage since then outlines the actual shape of the territorial aspirations. Often behind the seemingly peripheral agglomerations or the businesses, it has concealed the desire of the jihadist tacticians to establish specific administrative center around which to form a territorial unit. The actions of ISIS in Iraq and Syria good revealed that the leadership of the terrorist group highlights the cities of Mosul and Deir Resort, respectively Iraq and Syria as both their local "capitals". Long Rakka city was been the bastion of the extremists.
(2) Stage of uncontrolled chaos. Case of the shaping territories which the state cannot control without it to have any real institutional control. Practically implement some kind of mixed, hybrid, secular state control. Regardless of ignoring its form and nature, the ISIS jihadists has forced to accept the consequences of management secular regime. This is especially true for the economy and with even greater force to the energy, which is the most capital-intensive sector. For example, long ISIS has controlled the three major dams in northern Syria -"Baath", "Euphrates" and "Tishrin". At the same time, they continue to function, albeit with reduced capacity. They supply electricity to consumers, no matter that they are under state control. The most interesting is that the salaries of staff working in them continues to be paid by the government in Damascus.
The same applies to the oil production. For example, the religious fanatics sell the extracted material from their control wells in Syria of the few still operating factories and plants in the country. According to Sammy Abderrahmane from the Syrian Laboratory of Human Rights the price of a barrel of them target is reduced to 10 dollars per barrel. Meanwhile, the head of the organization the "Economic activities in Syria", Osama Kadi, believes that between the extremists and the regime in Damascus has signed a "meaningful agreement", which guarantees the purchase of Syrian oil by the government. Along with that, if buyers are Iraqi entrepreneurs who transported fuel in tanks, the price will jumps to 20-40 dollars 1 . Usually the affair in question of the Kurdish smugglers who subsequently resell to larger firms in Turkey, without the knowledge of the authorities.
(3) Stage to management a savagery. Implemented management of sites of the mujahideen, but outside the normal worldly standards. This stage remains unidentified and often enough some theorists even equate it to the final phase, i.e. the ideal state.
(4) Stage of be able to. This is the creation of an ideal medieval state, i.e. the Caliphate laws, a courts, a borders, and the other city regulations. ISIS medieval strictly rules only to the territories in which they believe is done unconditionally their power. So for, the first time the require public lynching militants stone the woman from the town of Tabaco, near Deir Ezor. The woman has accused of an adultery.
The great discussion among the experts whether ISIS will realize this form of statehood in the Iraqi territory. The expert from the Washington Institute for Near East Policy Michael Nayts notes that the Caliphate of ISIS became the richest terrorist organization in the poorest country in the world. The organization is controlled 60% of the oil reserves of Syria and two small wells in Iraq. The potential petro-caliphate yield is about 80,000 barrels per day. By the prices on world markets, this means about $ 8 million per day. Logically, however, this does not happen, especially after the decision of the Security Council of the United Nations purchase of oil from terrorist organizations such as the Al Nusra and the IDYLL to be declared for a crime. The responding to the State Department in Iraq, Brett McGurk notes that even before the capture of Mosul that organization had revenues per month of $ 12 million, mainly by collecting an illegal charges, racketeering and by the other criminal activities (Johnson, 2014). Normally, however, to be padded claims for the statehood costs to be aimed at ensuring the needs of the population living in the areas controlled. Mostly the affair the question to ensuring the services in those the regions which have been long marginalized by the central government. Exactly in them have to create a social vacuum to be filled by Islamist organizations such as the Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas, Hezbollah, which are expanding their popularity and the public support. Currently ISIS spend its revenue target to buy the loyalty of some tribal leaders or to bribe the chiefs of the other Islamist groups, which fought a side by side in Iraq. But the biggest challenge facing the new petrol state, however, remains the decision of the Baghdad government to suspend the payment of salaries of civil servants, for unlike Damascus. If ISIS disrupt the natural daily rhythm of life of the population in these areas, very soon the Caliphate will burst as quickly the inflated balloon. According Nayts it will most likely happen, because the new country cannot compete with the Iraqi state, whose daily production of the oil is about 3 million barrels, which is about 120 billion dollars in the annual revenue.
The announcement of the Caliphate of the ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi cause many reactions and the dogmatic disputes. Among the authoritative Islamic theologians of the famous in Cairo the Al Azhar University, widespread view that the Caliphate is preaching institution, not a political one. This refers to the professor in this university Karima Ahmed due to quote the prophetic hadith: "the Caliphate according to the prophetic program, then come the kings". Thus, according to another professor Dr. Abderazak Sanhua, Caliphate in the modern world is not possible.
Another the authoritative Facchini Alawi Amin directly states that the ISIS was created by the CIA and other the Western intelligence plants to cause a civil war in the Islamic world.
The actions of the leader of the ISIS contrary to the sharia norms and thus obtaining the dogmatic nonsense. Ibrahim al-Badri, who is the real name of Al-Baghdadi has adopted the name of the first righteous Caliph -Abu Bakr and he has declared for the heir to the ideas of Ibn Time. The latter is a Syrian theologian from XIII-XIV century. He is the undisputed authority in the Islamic dogma and a consensus he is seen as one of the ideological pillars of the Salafi current. According to Ibn Time, however, after the four righteous caliphs in early Islam (632-660) should not to talk about "The Member caliphate" and for "The Member sharia". Then the holder of power is more appropriate to name the Malik, i.e. the King, not the Caliph. He is based on the prophetic hadith "The lasted only thirty years, then comes the kingdom".
In a video of Osama bin Laden in 2005 the latter has sworn allegiance to Mullah Omar, the leader of the Afghan Taliban. He explains the case and his behavior with the texts of Ibn Time. The latter notes that "the oath be taken before the man who conquered a country among countries in the world. This is sufficient and does not require fulfillment of the other conditions, while the leader is a Muslim". Such an approach is possible only within the hanafits and the Sunnitand its the right dogmatic school. It is a "non-Arab" Sunni school.
At the same time, the radical theologians normativists as they mostly the hanbalits the right dogmatic school, they challenge this position and note that the prophetic hadith, "The Imams are always kureysh", is mandatory and so Mullah Omar cannot be a political leader. This yields a conflict between the radical "Arab" Sunni schools (hanbalits, shafayts and malikits) and the "non-Arab" hanafits, Sunni school on the question of the political leadership. Can nearabin be a political leader? 2 For example, the late Mufti of Al-Qaeda al-Libi Atalay noted that "the imamatat of Mullah Omar is not 'big', and he is the master of the faithful only within its territory". As a results of this, arises a conflict between the warlords -Osama bin Laden and his mufti, today a both deceased. Bin Laden said that every Muslim must to give an oath of allegiance, i.e. the political oaath someone. Otherwise, the Muslim remains the Jahan, ignorant, i.e. outside the faith.
Sheikh Asim Barkaui or Abu Mohammed al Makdasi, the spiritual father of Abu Musaab Zarqawi, also criticized the announcement of the caliphate. He said: "You sons of the groups and the organizations, the warriors of Allah, to know that after the announcement of this caliphate your struggle is no longer legitimate". In the dogmatic dispute his intervene the Head of the Directorate of Religious Affairs in Turkey Mehmet Gormez. He also rejects the legitimacy of the caliphate of Al-Baghdadi. However, he makes the other position. The Turkish theologian asserts that the irakqi nothing to do with the family tree of the Turkish sultans who were called "The Caliphs". He believes that it is the rulers of the Ottoman Empire are the legal heirs of the caliphate, which was abolished in 1924 3 . Moreover, Gormez even believes that his opinion is the most fair, as he and the Directorate are descendants of the institution Sheikh al Islam. The latter was required to confirm the legitimacy status of the Turkish sultans. So the senior Turkish theologian has claimed to the most faithfully legal dogmatic opinion in the Islamic world on the basis of the claim for possession of the inheritance rights of the former institution of the Chief Mufti in Ottoman Turkey. So according to him, the Caliphate during the Ottoman period is completely legitimate and not "the sleep" caliphate as perceived by many Arab scholars.
The Saudi King Abdullah also is condemning the ISIS. In its statement of the religious extremism of the group, he has expressed these thoughts: "It is a shame for these terrorists, what they did in the name of religion. They killed the soul, although The Allah forbids it to be killed. I am proud of it and I distribute it. For them the religion is the pretext of innocence. They deformed perception of the religion in its purity, virtue and humanity. They stitched it all bad qualities, thanks to the actions tyranny and their crimes" 4 . At the same time competitors from the Al Nusra announced firmly that he would soon announce the "emirate" which to be subject to Mullah Omar, as Al Qaeda led by Ayman Zauhiri.
2. The military aspects of a difference between the salafit-dzhihadst and the salafit-uhabist Early in 2014 the main sponsors of the Islamic militants in Syria -Saudi Arabia and Qatar, felt that the ISIS is not an organization which is subject to control. The several experts stressed that the staffing its conception at the end of 2011, when the Syrian regime released many convicted Islamists from a prison in Sidnaya. Even some the leaders of the rival Islamist militias in the famous prison inmates. Remain a guesses why the Intelligence Damascus launches this criminogenic contingent right now moment. In some analyzes was launch the thesis that actually the Islamist regime creates The Frankeynshtayn, to prove that his opponents are actually the Al Qaeda. The aim is to alienate the public opinion and the international opposition. The proven experts found that so far the Syrian army and ISIS are living in the "honeymoon". The battles are mostly with other insurgent groups. Even the key military victories of the national army last year primarily have due to the "unexpected tactical retreat" of the ISIS in the construction of a common defense line on the insurgents. Then the ISIS was ruled out by a military general of the opposition. After the seizure of oil wells and the gas fields in Eastern Syria, the two armies began real battles with each other.
The former "vali" of sham the Badia created by ISIS, Sheikh Maher Abu Ubeyda maintains that in fact it was the strategy of formation. The aim is to the first subject the other Islamist organizations being forced to flow into the structure of this terrorist group. Only in a second stage, the ISIS planned a clashes with the regular Syrian army. It is necessary to add one more a reason for the "absorption" of the small formations ISIS -the financial. The Pro-Saudi and the Pro-Qatari formations are dependent on the external sponsor. At the moment when the slow monthly salary dissatisfied with their pay mercenaries immediately switch to the ISIS as a solvent.
The dissident of the ISIS has predicted that this formation will quickly retreated from its positions in Syria, because "it has departed from the goals it has set itself, which has become in the militia of mercenaries, stealing oil and left the right path". According to him, the ISIS was tricked by the money and the material benefits, attacking and conquering the only oil and gas fields in Syria. He provides that the militants would leave Syria after about a year and will focus their efforts to the Saudi Arabia. The reason for this is the fact that many members of the ISIS's were subjects of the Saudi King Abdullah. In the country they had already created a "sleeper cells" in the Qasim province and the cities Khamis machine, Dammam and Hufuf. Not surprisingly, the military commander of the organization is Saudi Arabian Shakir Uahib, the spokesperson -his compatriot, the 26 year old blogger Abu Mohammed al Adnan 5 .
Saudi Arabia has begun to restructure the backbone of the Syrian armed opposition after their apparent losses on the battlefield by the Syrian army. The Saudi sponsors launched with the leaders of the main Islamist groups called the "Document of the revolutionary honor". In it has spoken of the unity of the Islamic opposition against the regime of Damascus. This move is actually a type of test in which select for Riyadh muzhdahidinite of "acceptable" or "moderate" and "unacceptable" or "radicals". Very end of the document calls for the support of future the "civil state", which the authors do not mean a secular state and not contrary to the Islamic law. The only organisations that refuse to sign the relevant document are the ISIS and The Al Nusra. So those who sign such a platform for the future action, distinguishing simultaneously from the regime and the al hauaridzh, sectarians (as started calling ISIS) united in the "Islamic Front".
The renowned Pakistani analyst Hamid directly Zayd said: "The idyll and the terrorist groups around them are Sunnis, Kharijites, and heretics who serve and anti-Islam imperialist agenda". It is interesting that even such the famous Islamist thinkers close to Al Qaeda as Abu Tartus Bashir and Adnan al Arur said that this organization is not professes the Sunni Islam 6 . In contrast to the contradictions between the ISIS and the Sheikh Yusuf Kardaui who embodies the traditional ideological dispute of the Salafism -The Muslim Brotherhood, the last two fakihi recreate dispute between different currents inside the Salafi school -the jihadism (the deviant alkaydizam) against the Wahhabism.
Strong effect achieved and the criticism of the American Arabist-Islamist Kenneth Barrett for the no sunist reveal nature of ISIS. He reveal to these sunist practices of the ISIS, namely the rape of women by the Shia and the Christian confessions, eating the internal organs of the dead enemies, practicing the sexual jihad in which the marriage shall be terminated after 30 minutes after its consumption, crucifixion of the Christian priests strangulation of a woman to death, the killing of civilians and mass execution of prisoners (Barrett, 2014). For some of these crimes remains highly doubt, because they have not been identified by several the authoritative information source. The conjectures remain within the terminology and conceptual profiling crimes as the author ascribes to them the Salafists-Wahhabism as a whole, it is a leading doctrine of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Barnett has not told about the Salafists-jihadism, which is another layer of the radical Islam, according to the agreed EU classification. The point is that the publication is the website of Press TV, which is an Iranian broadcast media and always sharply critical materials conceptual opponent of the Islamic Republic of Iran -Saudi Arabia. The impression remains that in this case the negation of the ISIS is based from the Shiite-dogmatic positions.
The main differences between the ISIS and the "Islamic Front" in Syria (pro-saudite) can be summarized in the following several points: (1) The ISIS kills all who profess the differently Islam from it, even and the Sunnis. The others do not kill infidels -Shiites, Alawites and Christians, if they do not attack.
(2) The other Salafists do not kill women, children and the old people, even if their relatives were killed or a fought against them. The ISIS kills these categories of the people according the text of The Koran: "Attack them as they have attacked you". So the ISIS has perceived the collective guilt, which as the legal institute Sharia law is a remnant of the old Islam.
(3) The ISIS organize its own the state -the courts, the daily behavioral principles, the short hair for men, the full coverage of the bodies of women, the ban of alcohol and tobacco, ban on the wearing modern clothes, etc. The other Salafis are aim the first overthrow the secular regime and only later take to create a state.
(4) The ISIS does not contact into direct the military confrontation with other mujahideen who they described as "the sufficient". Generally early ones in Syria are treated only the Al Nusra. The other Islamic militias they do not trust. Over time, however, the Al Nusra themselves in a category of the apostates. The battle of the city Shahi, Syria, which is a bastion of the Al Nusra in July 2014 proves this fact. The captured fighters to Al Nusra to be forced to disarm and then to go to the ranks of the ISIS. Even they are forced to change the field and the religion training of the ISIS because the commanders of the ISIS do not trust of their training camps.
(5) The most members of the "Islamic Front" Syrians until the ISIS are Iraqis and foreigners. For example, one of the leaders of the operation to capture The Cair gas field, near the city of Palmyra, Syria Abu al Lachemann and alma Galha Abu al Alma, the latter is known for his nickname "the repentant singer". Of the nicknames of their shows that are mujahideen with German passports.
(6) The membership of the ISIS and the Al Nusra is much more complicated than in the other Islamic groups. To be accepted member of these groups require consensus of the members of the operational management. Then pass a course in the military science and the religious education, consisting of 3 to 6 months. (7) The members of the idylls always dressed in the Afghan clothes, they never smoke and they sit not down to a smoker, they do not listen to music, they have a long hair and they are not shaved, while the other mujahideen who smoke, haircut and in to wear the modern clothes.
(8) The ISIS recognize not the national borders, while the "Islamic Front" is a Syrian and even comply with the limits of internal administrative division. (9) The ISIS has influence in the North-Eastern Syria and parts in Aleppo, Edleb, Rakka and the Deir Ezor, and in the separate villages around Damascus. The "Islamic Front" is distributed evenly across Syria. (10) The ISIS applies the Islamic law as soon as it considers that the priority is the creation of an Islamic state -the caliphate. The "Islamic Front" first wants to overthrow the regime of Bashar al-Assad and only later will create the Islamic state.
(11) The ISIS is trying to conquer the oil wells, as there are limited funding sources from the Persian Gulf. The "Islamic Front" applies the classic military tactic played in the formation of fronts, as it is entirely dependent on external funding -mainly from Saudi Arabia and Qatar.
(12) The mujahideen of ISIS have a great military experience, as they are former fighters in the other countries of the global jihad, namely Afghanistan, Iraq, Bosnia, Chechnya and others. The members of the "Islamic Front" gain experience from the date of the outbreak of the revolution in Syria, that since 2011.
(13) A number of the experts believe that the ISIS was created largely by the regime in Damascus and therefore fight fiercely against him. Another is the case with the regime of Nouri Maliki in Iraq, where unfolds all it's the military might.

Scars of the Caliphate state -Denial of the national identity
The ISIS in its actions is downright the xenophobic in the broadest sense. The many experts perceive it primarily as the antishiit organization, although their hatred against all the ethnoconfessional minorities. Wherever it conquered areas populated by Shiite it's the members drove them or impose and the Christians a tax the "jizya" ever paid in the Islamic countries from all non-Muslims. A similar tactic is practiced both in Iraq and in Syria. The often actions when are against by the Sunnis who are suspected of collaboration with the rival militias. For example, were driven 31,000 inhabitants of the town of Shahi, former bastion of the Al Nusra and which was captured after the fierce battles. These actions have been taken against the population of the surrounding villages the eastern of Aleppo. On 19 July 2014 about 2,100 families were forced to leave their homes when the fighters of ISIS subject them to attacks, the kidnapping and theft of their property 7 .
However, they focus first few strikes against followers of the Christ remained in Mosul, the city of more than 30 churches. Some the Christian churches date back 1,500 years. On 19 July 2014 the extremists have driven the Christians from Mosul. In a statement published on the Internet, fanatics give 24 hours of 25-thousand followers of this religion in the city "to adopt the Islam, to pay 'jizya' (without a specified size -note. the auth.) or to leave the city". The provided an option to pay the tax only medieval figurative. In the position of the ISIS is stated that henceforth "the property of the Christians are the property of the state and that they should leave the village with their clothes". The ISIS violates sharia norm followers of the Scripture professing monotheism -the Christians and the Jews. It performed segregation gesture of marking on the door of the tabernacle of the infidel's letter "nun", the first letter of the word Christian, para shitty. Moreover, it is written the sentence "This house is owned by the Islamic state" (Masihiyun, 2014). The Archbishop to Kaldea of Iraq and the world Louis Sacco notes that this is the first complete cleansing of Mosul of the Christians 8 . Only 25 families have dared to stay in the city. Eventually, after the disapproval of the local population, especially the other Sunni insurgent groups, the Christians have defined the sum of $ 450 a month to allow them to stay in their homes.
In early August 2014 the ISIS expressed the same xenophobic attitudes towards professed the yazedit religion of the Kurdish minority, as did in August 2007 its predecessor the Al Qaida in Iraq. It is speaking of a hatred of a minority denomination in the town Sandzhar. According to the some interpretations of Islamic in the question religious community worshiped the al-Shaitan, the devil, treating him like an angel with the image of a peacock. The same goes for some the Christian interpretations that equate the peacock with the Lucifer. Then with the carbombs have killed about 800 people and the attack was the bloodiest ever in the history of the Arab country. Seven years later the religious extremists destroy sacred sanctuary for the denomination as the daughter of the fourth righteous Caliph Ali bin Abi Talib -Zeinab and threaten to drive away from their hometowns around 350,000 the yazedit followers 9 .
Frankly, the antishariat actions of the ISIS has complement and the ethnic cleansing of the Mosul, the cleansing to aimed at the Kurdish inhabitants who profess the Islam in its Sunni form. According Side Mamuazini -the Representative of the Democratic Party of Kurdistan (Messaoud Barzani) on 22 July 2014 the extremists to do an ultimatum to nearly half a million people in the city of the Kurdish origin to leave the village or else be killed 10 . All this will cause another the wave of emigration, especially to the territories controlled by the Peshmerga, the Kurdish troops.
To ask a question when it will attack the State of Israel in the Tweeter, one of the leaders of the ISIS notes that for his organization the first target are apostates, murdadiyn, i.e. Shia and the Sunni-traitors, then comes the order of the original infidels para para asliyn case, i.e. the Christians and the Jews.
Already in the first days of the occupation of Mosul the extremists have created the "urban paper" kind of statute which regulates the habits and behavior of the population. In its very clearly says that from now people will live in the city as he lived in the time of Abu Bakr Kureishi (632-634). Firstly, it is a ban on alcohol, tobacco, carrying modern clothes, the women should wear the burka, to go outside the home only when needed and the prohibition to use perfumes and lipsticks. The five prayers a day are required for this purpose religious police monitor whether traders have closed their shops during the ritual. Obviously it is practiced in smaller cities like Rakka, while in thee Mosul millionth few members of the ISIS fail to strictly follow the implementation of this religious practice. According to the story to left the town professor of history Buheyra Sabuni after the meeting with the Rector of the Mosul University, the representatives of the organization said that the first step to comply with the new conditions will be the closure of the Law Faculty and the creation of individual student flows for men and women. Furthermore, the formation specialists will review the curricula of academic institutions and if necessary, will be closed and more the faculties (Abbas, 2014).
Obviously invention of the deviant Islam, which is practiced ISIS application except the circumcision for women (usually practiced in areas the peripheral Islam -Yemen, Nigeria, etc.) and a kind of the "janissaries' law". The caliphate in Mosul authorities have informed the population that should be factored into their ranks. The exact text of the order is: "If a family has three sons, the mandatory one must enter into the composition of the ISIS. Otherwise, the family will have to pay a monthly fee" 11 .
Another perversion of the religious extremists in Mosul is the use of the "marriage jihad", a phenomenon known among jihadist groups in Syria. In 2013, the Tunisian Salafi preacher issued a fatwa under which women can perform jihad, satisfying the sexual needs of the mujahideen. It has caused dozens of the young Muslim women, mainly from Tunisia to go to Syria for the purpose. According to the Egyptian Ministry of waqfs and the prominent Islamic dogmatists it's kind of slavery and legalized trade in white flesh. In late July 2014, just before the Ramadan Bayram, the terrorists of ISIS invited residents of Mosul to provide their daughters called the "Marriage jihad" 12 .

The ethno-nationality hybrid
In essence the creation of a caliphate is a prototype of the Iraqi Sunitistan, which is derived from a kind of the Sunni intifada. The Iraqi Sunnis across its regional, professional and ideological palette are marginalized by the authoritarian government of this the Prime Minister Nouri Maliki. They asked of him his place in the power and formed a common front.
In fact, the experts say that the ISIS formed only 30% of the Sunni troops as dominant nuclei are those of the indigenous tribes, the former Baathists, the officers army of former dictator Saddam Hussein and the several insurgent groups as the "Ansar Sunnah ace", the army "Nakshbendi", the "Tauro s tishrin" and others. Special the Sunni tribal leaders once were attracted by the Americans in the so-called "madzhalis ace sahua" the "Advice revival" which aimed to counter the Al Qaeda. I.e. the Americans paid the local sheiks and their guaranteed privacy. After their withdrawal at the end of 2011, Nuri Maliki refused to continue this practice and the consequently tribal leaders joined the Sunni extremists. It was clear the confessional confrontation -the Sunnis against the Shiites. Currently, the United States considered that they should be formed again the "Advice of rebirth". According to expert estimates they should number about 100,000 people. The issue of their funding remains open.
According to the American sources, the total number of the ISIS is about 10,000 people, 3,000 in Iraq and around 7,000 in Syria. According to a former field commanders of the ISIS Syrian Maher Abu Ubeyda, the members of the organization in Syria are no more than 10,000 people and killed in this country are about 2,000 fighters. The Moroccan Interior Minister Mohammed Hisad noted that 1,122 compatriots fought in the composition of the ISIS are Moroccans with the European passport in the organization and the other Islamist militias in Iraq and Syria were about 150-200 people. 128 people have already returned to their homeland, more than 200 were killed and more than 20 people have committed the suicide bombings. As opposed to other parts of the Arab world, the Minister Hisad noted that the announcement of the caliphate was of a great public resonance in his country. Particularly among the Salafi circles. In this respect even appears the Islamist entity whose acronym in the Arabic tries to imitate ISIS. In the Arabic language is the last DAAH and newly the Moroccan organization called DAMS. The experts predict that stands for "The Islamic State in the Islamic Maghreb" or "the Islamic state in Egypt and the Maghreb" 13 .
The sociologists add that the majority of the Moroccan jihadists are called the "Khalidzhie", i.e. Moroccans who live and work in the Gulf. In their homeland they begin to feel uncomfortable. The Moroccan scholar of the Islamist movements Idris odd notes that "the kingdom turns grave for the members of ISIS after their return home with its parties, the civil society and the moderate Islamic culture". The expert adds that the Moroccan jihadist group has come to the fore particularly in Iraq, but not in Afghanistan (Al Tahami, 2014). It is possible to created a distrust of the Al Qaeda of Zauhiri as the successor to Osama bin Laden, who personnel marginalized the Moroccan group in military operations in Afghanistan. There the subjects of the king are mostly noncoms and not actively operating on the battle line. Therefore, the Moroccans are grouped in particular of the ISIS, but not of the Al Nusra, which is indicated by the competitor and Ayman Zawahiri -the authentic representative of Al Qaeda. Thus the ISIS advantage of the desire of those Arabs absorbed the conservative mores of the Arabian Peninsula to perform "miracles" and prove to be heroes on the battlefield.
The Chechens are specific contingent in the ranks of the Islamists in the Middle East. Predominantly the presence of this ethnic community in Syria is formed in two social groups: (1) The former students who come to study the Islamic religion and the Arabic language; (2) The emigrants from the Valley Panki who are undesirable of the current pro-Russian Chechen President Ramazan Kadyrov, Georgia and Russia. Initially, the leaders of the "Islamic Emirate of the Caucasus" does encourage not the young people to go to the Chechen Jihad in Syria, because they believed that it must first be free their country. Subsequently, however, encourage them, because they take their stay in the Middle East as a form of training and tempering in the real battles 14 .
The Chechens remain divided between the ISIS and the Al Nusra. The total number of Chechens in this Arab country is estimated at about 200-300 people. One of the legendary commanders of the IDYLL (the emir of the North Front) is Abu Omar al Hihani 15 . The local muzhdahidini even call it the "Defense Minister of Syria". The little battle group calls itself the "Sabri" and is also oriented towards the ISIS. At the same time, Abu Mohammed al Dagestanthe leader of the group the "Caucasus Emirate" operating in Syria, strongly supports the Al Nusra. The reason for this is that he is loyal to the Al Qaeda of Ayman Zauhiri and he is named as the Al Nusra' legitimate representative of the Al Qaeda in Syria. Heself al Dagestan sharply attacked Abu Omar al Hihani, accusing him of that he has not enough combat experience as coming to jihad in Syria.
The battle glory of the Chechens in Syria is the responsibility of the specific brigade which called the "Al muhadzherin wa al Ansar". The leader is Salahedin al sHihani and his deputy is Abu Asma al Dagestani. In early June 2014 he released a declaration. In the declaration said that despite signs he has not intention of leaving the Syrian territory and remains active on the battlefield in a battle against the regime of Bashar al-Assad 16 .
There are also small groups of the Chechens such as the "Jane paragraph hilaf" whose creator and commander is Seyfu Alla al Hihani. He was killed at the beginning of 2014. He was sworn allegiance to the Al Nusra, shortly before being liquidated. It is interesting to note that in April 2014 the fighting in the North-Western Syria, in particular against the city Kasab, is led by several the Islamist groups whose the local warlords are Chechens. The case in point about the local emir "Ansar ah sham" Abu Musa ah Hihani on "Dzhunud ash sham" -Muslim ah Hihani 17 . Interesting is that the field commander of the "al-Ahrar ah ham" in the vicinity of the neighboring city of Latakia is the Syrian Abu Hassan at Tabucchi. He also holds a Chechen connection, because he is brother of Yasser as Suri. The latter is the only Syrian involved in the terrorist attack at the Moscow theatre "Dubrovka" in November 2012, when a Chechen extremists group led by Movsar Baraev held three days more than 850 hostages.
It is interesting that the experts talk about the Uzbek group entitled the "Imam Bukhari" and whose leader Mohammed al Tashkent also killed around Aleppo. The Chechen fighters have boast incredible combat capability and the extreme cruelty. Among their traditions is to take not a prisoner. For example, in August 2013 namely the Chechens brigade "Al muhadzhirun not ya al Ansar" they failed due to suicide bombing to conquering the strategic Mazak airport near to Aleppo and to suspend the advance of the Syrian army. Witnesses noted that the Mujahideen have killed all the captured soldiers 18 .
15 Abu Omar al Shisha is Georgian and his real name is Tarhan Patrikashvili. He was orn in 1968 in the village Birkiyani, Pankiskata Valley, Georgia. His mother is the Pankiskite Chechens. He professes Christianity to 42 years. He was participated in the First and the Second Chechen Wars. In 2008, he joined the Georgian army in the conflict with Russia. Then he goes to fight in Chechnya. When he was passed through Egypt and Yemen he went to join the ranks of the ISIS in Syria.  After the announcement of the caliphate and call the Caliph Abu Bakr Baghdadi the Muslims to return to the lands of the Islam, the ISIS has declared that they were joined by 370 Mujahideen. Among them is the smallest terrorist organization "Abu Muhdzhen at Taifi" of Libya, which sent 50 people to the ISIS. That extremist entity participated in the battle for the Libyan city Benghazi on the side of the Islamists against the forces of General Khalifa Haftar.
To note is the partial or the moderate support for the ISIS after the announcement of the caliphate. At this stage the battle between traditional center presented by the Al Qaeda of Ayman Zauhiri outweighed over a periphery embodied by the caliphate of Abu Bakr Baghdadi. The oath of allegiance to al-Baghdadi was declared by the group the Al Qaeda in the Maghreb under the leadership of Mufti Sheikh and the organization Abu Asim Abdullah al. Experts note that it has received a split in the ranks of extremists, as field commander Abu Musaab Abu Udud remains the loyal to Zauhiri. At the same time, support to the ISIS declared in Gaza a small group the "Ansar al beit makdas' group "Ansar al-Shariah" in Yemen led by Maamun Hatim part of the Taliban in Pakistan under the leadership of Abu Yazid al Kurasani, the part of the "Ansar al-Shariah" in Tunisia. On 25 July a small the Sudanese Salafi group which was called the "Itisam was Kitab wa Sunnah" splinter in 1991 by the Muslim Brotherhood also declared allegiance to the new caliph.
5. The EU current measures at fighting jihadism of the ISIS As a nearest geographical region Europe is directly injured by the strengthening of the terrorist wave in the neighboring Middle East. For this the experts use the term "returned from ..." which to apply more to Europe than to the very Arab region and individual countries in it. The EU opposition against the jihadists in particular those of the ISIS was assigned to the group, it was headed by the chairman of the general "anti-terrorism" in the EU Gilles de Kershyov. Made the specific plan whose contents remains open. Empirical data, the analysis and targeted measures are summarized in a report in a volume of 14 pages. The document shaded signs of opposition to the EU and the jihadists and to have formulated various current proposals referred at the Union and the national level. In general terms the recommendation is to set a time-consuming job. The report noted: "The Europeans must be prepared in the long time plan to achieve full coordination among themselves and attract their work all state institutions to allow their actions to be effective" (Ibrahim, 2014).
In late 2013 a group of the EU with de Kershyov at the head started realizing of visits in individual the member states of the union, and in some Arab countries such as Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Lebanon. Kirshyov requests information about the main topics of discussion "The Center for Intelligence Analysis" to the EU, even before he has meeting with individual heads of countries in the Gulf. This approach is becoming a major prerequisite for businesslike meetings, as they are cleared the burdensome political elements. Of the Europeans is clearly that always seems bifurcation the "national security -the human rights" as a severe problem in this type of conversation.
The most disappointing are the contacts in Doha. It is clear that Qatar has no intention to cooperating effectively with the Europeans. The result of the talks between the two countries is estimated to be the "complete zero". The antiterrorists EU have reached the conclusion that the reason for such behavior is that the Emirate will own internal problems with the mujahideen fighting in Syria. Their main goal is the overthrow of Bashar Assad and not that of the Emir. At the same time, Kirshyov said in his report that the "cooperation with the Qatari authorities remains necessary because this is a country which funded various groups fighting in Syria".
In turn, Saudi Arabia occupies considerably more balanced position relative to that of its neighbor. The state itself has claims to play a role in global fight against terrorism and extremism. Therefore, in 2004 an international conference the Saudi King offered to create a "Global Center for Combating Terrorism" and its headquarters is in Riyadh. In all cases, the authorities in the country remind for its proposal not so much as waiting to take the "baton" in the world in the fight against this social evil, as proof that the state not contribute to the spread of terrorism. In this case, the Saudi authorities express full willingness to cooperate to jihadists to counter in media propaganda. Riyadh has offered specific videos that are effective tools for the opposition propaganda the ideas of the radical Islamists. The Saudis have expressed readiness to send experts to work with satellite channels broadcasting from Europe and directly calling for participation in the jihad among the large Sunni communities in Europe. The EU representatives have turned their attention to the difficult fight against TV programs which are broadcast from the territory of third countries. At the same time, they reached agreement for the implementation of joint activities, including in this direction.
The particularly clear focus has been placed on the funding of the jihadist groups. The Europeans have proposed to create a "The Roadmap" which have measures to stop the financial flows to the mujahideen. Attention is paid to the need for the legislative initiatives, particularly on the regulation of the work of charitable foundations. The latter must clearly show that they fund terrorist entities. In this regard, it should be noted that in May 2014 was held a seminar with the participation of the European and the American security experts, who have identified concrete steps in this direction. The Europeans have expressed satisfaction that they had received the promise of the American colleagues for providing effective pressure on the institutions of the Gulf States in this regard.
However, it is noteworthy that the Gulf States hold their own judgment about the actions of the Europeans in the security and defense of the human rights. The risk of conflict between the criteria of the two countries remains too high and inconsistencies are not rare. An example is when in June 2014 at the request of the Saudi Arabia leaders of the Cooperation Council of the Gulf States (CCGS) have canceled a joint meeting with the EU at the ministerial level. The reason is that the Europeans have unreasonably interfered in the internal affairs of Bahrain, because of the human rights violations in the kingdom. In fact, underlying the differences between the two organizations stand a mismatches in the evaluation of specific political situations. The case in point to analysis of the events surrounding the Iranian nuclear program and priorities for dealing with the crisis in Iraq and the attitude towards the regime in Damascus. The CCGS leaders defend the view that the Europeans and the Americans are too "soft" to Iran's nuclear ambitions and the government of Bashar al-Assad.
Very important and essential measure in the European counterterrorism efforts was the compilation of the "black lists" that facilitate the adoption of decision 1,267 of the Security Council of the United Nations. This figure needs to be compiled and the national "prohibitive lists" of persons and organizations participating in or facilitating terrorist activity in Iraq and Syria. The case in point about the freezing of their funds or the ban travel across the national territories. The general concept of the EU is that these lists must be protected and applied to as many partners.
Gilles de Kershyov offers two initiatives which have been studied and evaluated by a team of the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Catherine Ashton. The first suggestion is the "Consultative Group on Strategic links to Syria". Its leading feature is to become a kind of the "Headquarters media war against the jihadists", especially to those centers that recruit the jihadists-volunteers. The main target group will be specific the national Islamic community. The idea is to fend off efforts to send the local community members in Iraq and Syria in the ISIS and other the Islamist groups. The report recommends using to the British experience is the best in Europe in this respect. For this purpose, the EU officials have already carried out meetings with representatives of the companies "Google", "Tweeter" and "Facebook" to ask for assistance in this regard.
The second major task is to mobilize humanitarian aid to victims in areas controlled by the jihadists in Iraq and Syria. The idea is that the Muslims in the Middle East feel the help of Europe and the international community not to support extremists. The activation to raise aid going to through the "Electronic portal of the EU". In this connection it should be stepped up in various the civic and the volunteer organizations.
The EU representatives have made a number of meetings with their colleagues in the United States. All dispositions are consistent with them. The Americans said that they embrace the European mujahideen for much more dangerous to the security of the United States than their own mujahideen. This is due to the fact that the citizens of the majority of the Member States of the EU travel to the United States with the free visa. Moreover, the biggest "exporting countries" for the European muzhdahidini fall precisely in this list.
The territory of 15 Member States of the EU are already established the centers for the collection and analysis of data on all travelers to and from these countries. For this purpose are utilized and the bankroll. In this respect, the Turkey has declared that its prohibition list has about 5,000 Europeans as it is constantly updated.
The European experts have asked the Middle Eastern partners quickly and comprehensively to fill data to the Interpol for a persons who are suspected of being involved in the terrorist activity.
The EU cooperation with Lebanon is rated a lake the fruitful and the behavior of the authorities in Beirut as very productive. The Lebanese authorities want to help to build a special prison to the detain muzhdahidini to be the heavy duty. Furthermore, they want to be create a special military unit to monitor the borders of the state. The idea is to prevent the passage of the mujahideen in the national territory. The special emphasis is placed on the monitoring of the middle part of the Valley Bekaa, through which goes the international road Beirut-Damascus. Also requested the financial assistance and the professionals who to build the special lifts and the dispatch points for the electronic surveillance. In parallel, the authorities have requested assistance and the adoption of the specific legislative texts as they felt that the current law on combating terrorism is outdated. The Lebanese side is asked for the assistance in the training of judges and prosecutors dealing for this complex criminal matters.
The problem with Turkey remains the most difficult to resolve. The reason for this is not only a 900 km long border with Syria. The EU has asked to Ankara to create a single operating electronic portal as a focal point for the prosecution of foreigners who have participated in the jihad in Syria. The Turkish side has given its agreement in a principle to this proposal.
The great attention is paid to the financing of terrorism in the EU report. Then in August 2010 has created a special unit to deal with this matter. Until now has more than 5,000 investigations. Moreover, the focus of attention is to increase the efficiency of customs in each individual Member State of the EU. The report notes that some of the muzhdahidinite to try to bring in their own a country the prohibited items such as a weapons, an ammunition, an explosives and bankroll.

Conclusion
It is too early to say what will be the fate of ISIS and its caliphate. If no symptoms appear to strengthen internal discontent against the actions of extremists in the occupied territories, then in globally the jihadist movement in the Middle East, the jihadist movement marked the rise. The serious experts predict that hardly the pseudo state of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi will be able to survive in the medium term. Not only the people, but until recently some the allies of the Idyll began to distinguish themselves from the extremists. To expulsion of the Christians blowing up monuments of the historical and the cultural heritage of Iraq as the tomb of the prophet Yunus and several the medieval minarets apparently become the social implosion into an explosion of apparent intolerance of the terrorists. The caliphate in Iraq and Syria are a kind of a bubble, which has blown by the paralysis of the traditional country. The new forms of the natural and the contemporary formation of state are the real brake of a constantly flowing extremism in the region. What will be the practical dimensions? To some extent, the answer to this question were given by the events in Egypt. The patriarchy, the tribalism and the radically regionalism are the strongest to distinguish the Middle East even such the agrarian societies such as those in the Latin America (Hristov, 1999). If the political culture and the specifics of the process of political sociological in the Arab societies to channel dynamics of the restructuring of the state shaped the future leader and determine authoritarianism as its natural behavioral trait.