Poverty – The social factor destabilizing national security

The analysis is an attempt to support the process of education in the subject Social conflicts of the students of Social activities specialty at the Faculty of Medicine at Trakia University in Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. Without ignoring the significance of many other factors destabilizing the social sphere and leading to social conflicts, the present work focuses only on poverty as a significant and negatively affecting the national security factor. The aim is to provide an opportunity to reflect on the impact of poverty, its characteristics and legal nature, its social significance and role, as well as its negative impact on social and national security. Therefore its characteristics are analyzed with a keen interest.


Introduction
In search of a modern political profile, financial and economic stability, and the establishment of sustainable democratic norms, states aspire to build and maintain consistently high levels of national security. Among the characteristics of the stability of national security, a special emphasis is placed on poverty, as an influential and difficult to overcome social factor. Its absence in the national social sphere guarantees financial stability and economic prosperity. In its essentials, poverty is able to erode public relations. Furthermore, its scale is likely to destabilize national security by endangering personal human dignity and the rule of law in civil society (Vasilev, 2018а).
Postmodern social models of government and political forms of statehood prove that social security and stability are at the core of national security (Vasilev, 2018b). Social security in each time period is one of the main factors guaranteeing national security, because its realization gives peace and equity in the civil justice area, implies social and financial equilibrium, social equity and justice.
Social security (where people receive income or services as a result of their contribution to a particular fund or insurance scheme for work or poor health) is vital not only for citizens but for individuals as well as for society because it is a part of the state's construction. In defense of basic social human rights, the legislator has accepted that social security should be implemented by law by state monopolies such as the National Health Insurance Institute and the National Health Insurance Fund, and that is because social security is considered as an exclusive strategic resource of priority importance for the national security and the prosperity of statehood.
In the sense of its significance, social security is perceived as a universal instrument for the development of social relations in every society.
The topicality of the issue is driven by the dynamics of the social environment profile and its inner relations, the impact of the social factor poverty on society and its economic development in the conditions of the global social, financial, economic and demographic crisis and the continuing migratory flow.

Method
The analysis was carried out using the following methodology: observation; study of documents; system approach and use of data from functional and statistical analysis. Before analyzing poverty as a destabilizing national security factor, it is necessary to clarify the concept of national security that is relevant to political life and is often associated with human problems for the establishment of social order and social justice. On one hand, the understanding of the meaning of this term can be accepted and used as a time pattern related to the dynamics and trends of development in the political and economic sectors, and on the other hand, it represents its impact on the social community and its direct activity in the social sphere.

Discussion
This paper supports the thesis that social security is a legal certainty for man, even more so that our country's policy is based on the values of democracy, equal opportunities for personal development in society, the preservation of national identity and culture and the protection of Human Rights in the presence of complementarity and commitment of all components. In this sense, civil rights are an essential part of social law which we accept as part of public law in support of social functions, social policy and therefore social security for which the state is a guarantor and which it develops.

Concept of national security
The historical view of the initial use of the concept of national security brings back to 1904 and US President Roosevelt, who in front of the US Congress announced his political decision to send troops to the Panama Canal area away from state borders in an attempt to effectively protect state interests. According to Slatinski (2011): "President Woodrow Wilson (US President in the period 1913-1921 reminds that the concept of national security has been mentioned in the Virginia Declaration of Rights, mainly by one of the fathers George Mason, 1725-1792". The document states: "The government is or must be created for the common benefit, defense and security of the people, the nation, or community" (Mason, 1776).
Тhe first definition of "national security" in the categories of "national interests" was given by the American philosopher and publicist Walter Lipman (1943), according to which: "The State is in a state of security when it does not need to sacrifice its legitimate interests in order to avoid war; and when it is able to protect its interests through war if necessary".
The management, regulation, and development of the social sphere in the lives of citizens and the associations in which they are involved, the provision of social stability, the existence of legal and civil protection framework, secure defense, the availability of information security and the environment are the irrevocable priorities for our society.
Domestic national security, rule of law and order take place at a political, economic and social level and are tied to the influence of the definition of security. As a basic law, our Constitution (1991) has a direct impact on public relations, which is why the term national security is directly related to building a stable and secure country, but there is not a contemporary constitution that offers a definitive definition of the concept of national security. By formulating the basic national values, as fundamental to freedom, equality, peace, justice, and tolerance, our basic law reveals the direction and purpose of the constitutional term national security. This concept is found in several places in our Constitution, and each of them presents us on how it is involved in complex social relations. National security encompasses the values, interests, and needs of the individual, and their protection is a fundamental objective of national law because every law relevant to the domestic or foreign policy of our country is related to the protection of the basic values, such as national security.
Social security is an essential part of the national security system. Notwithstanding the numerous scientific opinions explaining the concept of national security in the legal framework of our country, it finds a definitive definition in the text of Art. 2 of the Act on the Management and Functioning of the System of National Security Protection (2015), which states that it is: "...a dynamic state of society and the state, where the territorial integrity, sovereignty and constitutionally established order of the country are protected, when the democratic functioning of the institutions and the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens are guaranteed, as a result of which the nation retains and increases its well-being and develops as well as when the country successfully defends its national interests and achieves its national priorities." Art. 4 of the same law sets out the basic principles of the management and functioning of the national security protection system by which it is considered as an element of the overall security policy that contains the national legal framework and is the guarantor of its implementation.
This article is not intended to analyze the multifaceted nature of social security, as part of national security, poverty is the only subject, as a major social factor that can destabilize national security. The existing social environment and the legal framework of our country are built to harmonize in their mutual usefulness, but the temporality of always overtaking the legal norms and the attempts of the legislators to "dress" in a legal framework the emerging social problems and conflicts are often "post factum" or failed. In this sense, the problems in our social policy in the post-communist period of development, albeit as a member of NATO and the European Union, are of utmost importance to our entire society.

Concept of poverty
Poverty is an influential, prominent, too authoritative, and difficult to resolve the public issue because it has deep social, economic and political roots. In an attempt to analyze and explain this social factor that has become a problem for our society, it is necessary to analyze the transition from a totalitarian to a democratic society that is accompanied by shocks in social attitudes and has forced drastic changes in moral norms and patterns of behavior, as well as in the level of well-being of Bulgarian citizens. The road to democracy proved to be convenient for a few, difficult for many and impossible for a large part of the citizens of our country and it affects not only the ordinary person but also his family, his environment and ultimately society. Poverty is powerful because it multiplies easily, it becomes a mass problem for society and has the energy to transform it, destroy it and build it in a new and different way, most often extremely inconvenient and almost insoluble for the rulers. The poverty factor, its destructive impact on national security and the fight against it is part of the social policy of the countries from the deepest antiquity in every society, and as a problem has always been one of the most important.
The difficult to define the concept of poverty is full of political and ideological burden, but let us recall that as a political document of our contemporary history the first Strategy for combating poverty and social exclusion (2003) for our country was compiled when the need for changes in society has forced politicians to see the danger of social decay processes in it. Among the criteria for defining the concept of poverty, the following four stand out:  The first -characterizes poverty as the impossibility for people to buy food, that we accept as a characteristic of some countries of the so-called Third World;  The second -defines poor people as unable to buy not only food but also to allocate funds for their basic and necessary household needs, which definition is overlooked by the developed countries;  The third -defines poverty in society for the part of it that is unable to ensure a decent lifestyle and living standard for the employees;  The fourth is related to the social participation of the people in society. From this point of view, the poor is who cannot afford work, education, health care and leisure time in the social environment.
Empowers have always sought to overcome the symptoms of poverty, and historically they have often been assisted by religious communities, regardless of their genesis. In this sense, early Christianity, as an epoch that cannot be separated from the Roman Empire, helps to fight poverty by imposing on the ruling elites the means and influence to build the first social institutions, because the new religion requires universal charity and assistance for the poor and the sick.
Today, poverty is not seen as a resultant element of the politicians' policies, but as a personal characteristic of people who are considered to be poor. This category of citizens is analyzed and accepted as less able, less motivated, less educated, sometimes lazy, too old or too ill, or otherwise injured, suggesting that most of them are responsible for their own impoverishment.
In Community law, the available definition of poverty shows that a citizen whose income is less than 60% of the average income within the Union can be considered poor.
International law is valid in the United Nations legal framework, according to which people who live with less than $ 1.25 per day or € 0.94 per day are considered "extremely poor".
Poverty is a multifaceted and difficult to define concept, because of the fact that the national parameters of measurability are very different, but in any case, it causes social distress by creating problems for the political constructs that govern the security policies. This paper examines poverty by pointing out its main characteristics in an attempt to present it as a negative impact on the national security and stability of our country.
In this aspect, poverty is conceived as:  The inability to find a better-paid job and lower incomes from the existing occupation;  Lack of opportunity for personal development, qualification and obstacles which prevent professional development;  Lack of employment opportunities for the growing uneducated part of the population.
Often, for the societies in crisis, their working-age population is perceived as poor and without prospects for development, because it is influenced by the strong dependency of the problems of age and type of residence. In this sense, poverty leads to social paralysis and ubiquitous personal demotion for the realization of the labor process. For workers, the image of success is reduced to better financial income, political protection, and professional development. On the other hand, for the poor people finding a job and filling the family budget in some way due to lack of education or permanent work is considered luck. The growing impoverishment of the population in our country derives from the following circumstance: there is an increasing part of our society which does not attend school, does not educate itself, work and therefore is marginalized. From a political point of view, this population differs in its understanding and value orientation and the effectiveness of the national social policy is does not offer or contribute to the self-confidence of society or ensures family financial stability. The policy fails to motivate or return people to the labor market.

Poverty in the context of national security
Considered in the context of national security, the role of the state is to guarantee the social existence of people, their social stability, social security and thus their national security. At the national level, there is no comprehensive national vision for coordination between the different production areas, services, and education. In the current situation of reform of secondary and tertiary education in Bulgaria, it is necessary to focus attention on the need for innovative and flexible teaching methods that meet the needs and potential of the students (Mareva, 2018). We are witnessing professional reforms without interdependence and without a strategic perspective on birth and poverty. The finding in this sense is that there is low industrial growth in a multiplying administration in a situation of negative population growth.
For all of us, it is clear that poverty leads to the social exclusion of citizens, to the increase of the criminogenic environment, the marginalization of a large part of the population and to the impossibility of social inclusion (Benkova, 2013). Successful social integration implies the implementation of a state policy that:  Socialize the population by empowering them to participate in the decisionmaking processes;  Supports access to social services and social care, education and health systems;  It creates conditions for overcoming the inequality of the population, from a territorial perspective, as well as the inequality between men and women, by age and by ethnicity.
The cost of a modern national social policy is associated with high spending and difficult achievement of the results expected from society, and the focus is not on the misuse of funds, but on the ineffective management and the imposition of policies insufficiently targeted towards the poor. Therefore, they do not achieve the desired positive effect and results, which leads to social isolation. In addition to the existing opinions on the definition of poverty, the concept has a national method of measure, which was adopted for Bulgaria in 2007. For defining poverty, a set of indicators is used, the main ones being: unemployment rate; number of people living on social assistance; level and distribution of citizens' incomes; number of accommodated children and adults in specialized institutions; children dropped out of the education system; life expectancy at birth, and regional differences in levels of poverty. For 2018, the adopted poverty threshold for Bulgaria is determined by Government decision and is worth 321 BGN or 164.13 EUR, which is by BGN 7 or 3.58 EUR more than the figure for the previous year 2017. We can assume that there are two main types of poverty:  Absolute poverty -meaning that the Bulgarian citizen is deprived of resources for his physical survival;  Positive poverty -means comparison with a sample or other similar measure.
We take poverty as one of the main problems in the social sphere and at the same time, a problem that can destabilize national security, because among other things it humiliates the person, deprives it of its essence, and according to Smith (1776), societies need to fight because the persons must: "...be able to appear without shame in society". Poverty makes people dependent and is a prerequisite for the emergence of lasting social conflicts that are insoluble due to the fact that there is no control over the full implementation of the legislation. In the political context, it is a meaningful fact that there is no complete unification of national legislation with that of the European Union regarding the freedom of movement of citizens, the degree of education and the opportunities for the realization of the labor market.
The threat to the national security of our country and to the security of united Europe is also due to the fact that millions of poor citizens from different European countries looking for livelihood find work in the richer countries of the community. The prophecy is that there is no educational and social development for them. Their state has no opportunity to implement training measures. For the state, it is impossible to educate this category of citizens and to impose on them training requirements related to the defense and security of the territory and national borders, because poverty is stronger and more influential than the territorial boundaries. In such cases, the strength of democratic norms defining freedom and protection of Human Rights is stronger than the influence of the national educational framework, obliging citizens to be trained until the age of sixteen.
According to Mirchev (2011), "The modern structure of social inequality in Bulgaria is not stimulating to development but is a barrier to the modernization of the economy. The main reason for this is the cessation of the general development of human capital, which largely makes society's prosperity impossible according to European standards".
The strength of the state and its ability to modern and constructive social policy is emphasized. Civilization is spreading to a degree of difficult compatibility or a radical incompatibility between the caste-based self-isolation of wealth and the prosperity of mass and compact communities in isolation under the line of degrading misery, with archaic tribal forms of life and collectivity. Other communities and groups with modern education, extended knowledge, spiritual interests, and intellectual ability oppose mass and compact communities and strata sealed into primitive illiteracy, mental underdevelopment, and civil insolvency. Communities with a cosmopolitan value orientation and lifestyle, with dynamic mobility of life, careers and communication stand against communities and strata attached to the genus and place, to feudal livelihoods, with the fear of civilian helplessness before the power of the powerful.

Conclusion
In this context, it is concluded that poverty weakens national security, destabilizes the defense sphere requiring educated, highly qualified and motivated specialists, thus demoralizing and demotivating defense structures. Hristov (2013) shares the thesis that: "The share of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion in the European Union is the highest in Bulgaria -almost half of the country's population lives below the poverty line, with serious material deprivation or inability to participate in the labor market".
The realities of our times confirm the fact that poverty and the risk of social exclusion are significant value factors whose presence and expansion in society destabilize the state and its structures and therefore, the defense structures.
Among the opportunities for improving the national social policy, the present work comments the political aspects related to poverty and national security.
The political aspects of improving our country's social policy are related to the development of our economy and our membership of NATO and the European Union. The application of the text of Article 136 of the Treaty on European Union (2007) is mutually obligatory because it states: "The European Union and the Member States, in accepting the fundamental social rights enshrined in the European Social Charter signed in Turin on 18 October 1961 and in the EU Social Charter for the fundamental social rights of workers in 1989 aim to promote employment, improve living and working conditions, harmonize social support, dialogue between management and labor, develop human resources to achieve high employment and counteracting the drop out of the labor market. From this perspective, the European Union and the Member States will implement measures that will take into account the different forms of national practices, especially in the field of contractual relations and the need to support the EU's competitiveness".
The objectives of the EU's foreign and security policy are to: protect peace and strengthen international security, promote international cooperation, develop and consolidate democratic processes in the countries of the Union and the respect for Human Rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as the rule of law. The policy of implementing the equal political partnership has an essential role in a wide range of issues at a historical, regional and international level. The Neighborhood Policy requires support for partners implementing reforms to achieve democracy ideas, the rule of law and respect for human rights and aims to promote inclusive economic development in these countries as well as to establish partnerships with different groups and organizations in parallel with relations with governments.
The European Union has limited social powers because the main social policies (employment and social assistance) are governed by national governments, and individual countries themselves decide on issues such as minimum wage margins, the role of collective bargaining between employers and trade unions, the organization of the pension system, retirement age, and unemployment benefits. The European Union has created a number of tools to overcome social problems, some of which are the following:  The European Social Fund, which celebrated its 60 th anniversary in 2017, has helped millions of citizens to master new skills and work on the labor market;  The European Globalization Adjustment Fund provides support for employees who have lost their jobs in the European Union due to changes in global trade -for example, when large companies transfer their businesses outside Europe;  The European Employment Services Network links labor mobility services throughout the European Union, which extends the opportunities for work and the available information for seekers and employers, and the European Parliament has approved changes to the way the network operates to improve its services.
The operation of these and many other legal instruments is an opportunity to harmonize the social systems and laws of the Member States of the European Union which according to their treaty must work actively in the following areas:  Impact on the working environment for health and safety protection;  Improve working conditions, inform and consult workers and enforce legal norms to unify the educational frameworks for United Europe.
Of course, it is not possible to list the models of implementation of social policies, but the main ones are:  Enforcing social quality and convergence through legal unification and temporal economic policy;  Implementation of national policies to increase employment.
In the present analysis of poverty, as a social factor destabilizing national security, the following main motto was imposed:  Historical and legal overview confirms that the social stability of our country leads to minimized levels of social conflicts and crises related to national security;  The main problems in implementing the overall national social concept are related to poverty and social conflicts;  Applying a policy of unifying national social standards and legal norms with those of partner countries would have a positive financial and social impact, putting civil society on a level playing field with those of United Europe.
In this sense, the general conclusion is that social security policy and the reduction of social risk have their high potential within the framework of national security due to the following advantage:  When the social stability of the country is a product of realized historical and legal analysis updated with the realities of European integrity, this will lead to constant minimized levels of social conflicts and crises, because the implementation of the policy of unification of social standards in our country with that of the partner countries would have a positive impact both in financial and social terms, putting civil society on a level playing field with those of United Europe.