OJAS Home

2021 - Volume 5 - Number 1

HIV-Infections in Male Youths: Risks Associated with Alcohol Misuse

Eugene Gabriel Machimana * eugene.machimana@up.ac.za * ORCID: 0000-0002-1258-4360
University of Pretoria, Department for Education Innovation, Unit for Community Engagement, SOUTH AFRICA

Phillip Nhlanhla * nhlanpp@unisa.ac.za * ORCID: 0000-0003-3276-2803
University of South Africa, Department of Sociology, College of Human Sciences, SOUTH AFRICA

Petronella Nondumiso Nompilo Machimana * ndumymajozi@gmail.com * ORCID: 0000-0002-6830-0515
Military Psychological Institute, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA

Martin Chukwudi Ekeh * martinchukwudiekeh@gmail.com * ORCID: 0000-0001-7799-9885
University of Pretoria, Department of Early Childhood, SOUTH AFRICA

Open Journal for Anthropological Studies, 2021, 5(1), 13-28 * https://doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojas.0501.02013m
Received: 18 February 2021 ▪ Accepted: 5 April 2021 ▪ Published Online: 6 May 2021

LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

ARTICLE (Full Text - PDF)

ABSTRACT:
The purpose of the study was to explore the influence of alcohol misuse in HIV-infection at the Health and Welfare Organisation in South Africa. There is an association between alcohol misuse and HIV transmission. Male youths may lack understanding of the effects of alcohol on their sexual behavior when under the influence of alcohol. This makes male youths vulnerable to HIV infection. Qualitative methodology was used for an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under investigation. The findings indicate that many male youths are aware of HIV-preventative methods, but their behavior is not always in line with what they know. Therefore, we recommend that male youths should be taught about the risk of HIV infection associated with alcohol misuse in various places such as schools and taverns. HIV/AIDS education should emphasize practical intervention strategies. Condom use should not be neglected in favor of newer preventative strategies such as male circumcision and pre-exposure prophylaxis.

KEY WORDS: alcohol misuse, HIV/AIDS, HIV-prevention, male youths, sexual transmitted infections, risky behavior.

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
Eugene Gabriel Machimana, University of Pretoria, Department for Education Innovation, Unit for Community Engagement, Hatfield, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA. Email: eugene.machimana@up.ac.za

REFERENCES:

Albertyn, C. (2003). Contesting democracy: HIV/AIDS and the achievement of gender equality in South Africa. Feminist Studies, 29(3), 594-615.

Alcorn, K. (2011). Treatment is prevention! HATiP HIV & AIDS Treatment in Practice, 180, 1-19.

Babbie, E. (2013). The practice of social research (13th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Creswell, J. W. (2007). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Dyer, C. (2006). Research in psychology: A practical guide to methods and statistics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

Dalamo, R. (2013). Botho/Ubunto: The heart of African ethics. Scriptura, 112(1), 1-10.

Eaton, L. A., Driffin, D. D., Bauermeister, J., Smith, H., & Conway-Washington, C. (2015). Minimal awareness and stalled uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among at risk, HIV-negative, Black men who have sex with men. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 29(8), 423-430. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2014.0303

Evian, C. (2003). Primary HIV/AIDS Care: A practical guide for primary health care personnel in the clinical supportive care of people with HIV/AIDS (4th ed.). Durban: Jacana Media.

Fassin, D., & Schneider, H. (2003). The politics of AIDS in South Africa: Beyond the controversies. Education and Debate, 326, 495-497.

Howitt, D., & Cramer, D. (2008). Introduction to research methods in psychology (2nd ed.). London: Pearson Education.

Kalichman, S. C., Simbayi, L. C., Kaufman, M., Cain, D., & Jooste, S. (2007). Alcohol use and sexual risks for HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic review of empirical findings. Society of Prevention Research, 8, 141-149.

Kalichman, S. C., Simbayi, L. C., Vermaak, R., Jooste, S., & Cain, D. (2008). HIV/AIDS risks among men and women who drink at informal alcohol serving establishments (shebeens) in Cape Town, South Africa. Society for Prevention Research, 55-62.

Karim, Q. A., & Karim, S. S. A. (Eds.). (2010). HIV/AIDS in South Africa (2nd ed.). Cape Town: Cambridge University Press.

Khosa, N., Stadler, J., MacPhail, C., Chikandiwa, A., Brahmbhatt, H., & Delany-Moretlwe, S. (2018). Cash transfer interventions for sexual health: Meanings and experiences of adolescent males and females in inner-city Johannesburg. Bio Medical Central Public Health, 18(120), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5027-3

Lancet (2007). Male circumcision to cut HIV risk in the general population. The Lancet, 369, 615-619.

Lankshear, C., & Knobel, M. (2004). A handbook for teacher research from design to implementation. England: MvGraw-Hill.

Ledwaba, L. (2010). South Africa faces R40bn yearly HIV/AIDS bill-report. City Press. 28 November: 12.

LoveLife (2008). HIV prevention for young people: Moving from what-to change to want-to-change strategies, 1-23. Retrieved from https://lovelife.org.za/en/CONFERENCE_FINAL.pdf.

LoveLife (2020). Boy child programme. Retrieved from https://lovelife.org.za/en/programmes/.

Machimana, E. G. (2012). Perceptions of the association between alcohol misuse and the risk of HIV-infection among male youths in Soshanguve, Gauteng province, University of South Africa, Pretoria. (Master’s dissertation). Retrieved from http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/9129/Dissertation_machimana_eg.pdf?sequence=1/.

Machimana, E. G., & Nhlanhla, P. (2020). Male youths’ perceptions, knowledge and beliefs of alcohol misuse and HIV prevention. Open Journal for Sociological Studies, 4(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojss.0401.01001m

Machimana, E. G., Sefotho, M, M., Ebersöhn, L., & Shultz, L. (2020). Higher education uses community engagement-partnership as a research space to build knowledge. Educational Research for Policy and Practice. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10671-020-09266-6

Majozi, P. N. N. (2009). Investigating anxiety and social support in adults diagnosed with HIV or AIDS in a public health facility in the Western Cape Province. University of the Western Cape, Cape Town (Master’s dissertation). Retrieved from http://etd.uwc.ac.za/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11394/3465/majozi_mpsych_2010.pdf?sequence=1/.

Maljaars, L. P., Gill, K., Smith, P. J., Gray, G. E., Dietrich, J. J., Gomez, G. B., & Bekker, L. (2017). Condom migration after introduction of pre-exposure prophylaxis among HIV-uninfected adolescents in South Africa: A cohort analysis. Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine, 18(1). a712. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v18i1.712

Maxwell, J. A. (2013). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach (3rd ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE.

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2002). Alcohol alert. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism,1-5.

Ndinga-Mavumba, A., & Pharoah R. (Eds.). (2008). HIV/AIDS and Society in South Africa. Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.

Neuman, W. L. (2014). Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Pearson.

Parry, C. D. H., Myers, B., & Michael, T. (2003). The case for an increased tax on alcohol in South Africa. SAJE, 71(2), 137-145.

Parry, C. D. H. (2005). A review of policy-relevant strategies and interventions to address the burden of alcohol on individuals and society in South Africa. South African Psychiatry Review, 8, 20-24.

Parry, C. D. H., Rehm, J., & Morojele, N. K. (2010). Is there a causal relationship between alcohol and HIV? Implications for policy, practice and future research. African Journal of Drug & Alcohol Studies, 9(2), 81-91.

Pelzer, K., Simbayi, H. L., Banyini, M., & Kekana, Q. (2011). HIV risk reduction intervention among traditionally circumcised young men in South Africa: A cluster randomised control trial. Journal of the association of nurses in the AIDS care, 1-10.

Perrino, T., Gonzalez-Soldevilla, A., Pantin, H., & Szapocznik, J. (2000). The role of families in adolescent HIV prevention: A review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 3(2), 81-96.

Piot, P. (2003). Accelerating action against AIDS in Africa. Geneva: UNAIDS.

Quinn, N. (2010). The cultural analysis of discourse. In W. Luttrell (Ed.), Qualitative educational research: Readings in reflexive methodology and transformative practice (pp. 237-257). New York, NY: Routledge.

Rees, V., Saitz, R., Horton, N. J., & Samet, J. (2001). Association of alcohol consumption with HIV sex-and drug-risk behaviours among drug users. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment,21, 129-134.

Santrock, J. W. (2018). Educational psychology (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2017). The theories of personality (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

Simbayi, L. C., Mwaba, K., & Kalichman, S. C. (2006). Perceptions of the combination of HIV/AIDS and alcohol as a risk among STI clinic attenders in South Africa: Implications for HIV prevention. Social Behaviour and Personality, 34(5), 535-544.

Shisana, O., Rehle, T., Simbayi, L. C., Zuma, K., Jooste, S., Zungu, N., … Onoya, D. (2014). South African national HIV prevalence, incidence, behaviour survey 2012. Cape Town: HSRC Press.

Van Dyk , A., Tlou , E., & Van Dyk , P. (2017). HIV/AIDS care & counselling: A multidisciplinary approach (6th ed.). Cape Town: Pearson Education South Africa.

Velloza, J. Watt, M. H., Choi, W., Abler, L., Kalichman, S. C., Skinner, D., … Sikkema, K. J. (2015). HIV/AIDS-related stigma in South African alcohol-serving venues and its potential impact on HIV disclosure, testing, and treatment-seeking behaviours. Glob Public Health, 10(9), 1092-1106. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2014.1001767

Velloza, J., Khoza, N., Scorgie, F., Chitukuta, M., Mutero, P., Mutiti, K., … Delany-Moretlwe, S. (2020). The influence of HIV-related stigma on PrEP disclosure and adherence among adolescent girls and young women in HPTN 082: A qualitative study. Journal of International AIDS Society, 23e25463. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25463

Wojcicki, J. M. (2002). “She drank his money”: Survival sex and the problem of violence in taverns in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 16(13), 267-293.

Woods, S. (Ed.) (2004). Focus HIV and young people: The threat for today’s youth. Report on the global HIV and AIDS epidemic, 4th, 95.