OJER Home

2021 - Volume 5 - Number 2

According to Primary School Teachers’ Views on S-STEM (Social Studies + STEM): A Phenomenological Research

Tuğba Selanik Ay * tsay@aku.edu.tr * ORCID: 0000-0003-1368-052X
Afyon Kocatepe University, Department of Primary Education, Afyonkarahisar, TURKEY

Nil Duban * nily@aku.edu.tr * ORCID: 0000-0002-8851-0114 * ResearcherID: AAQ-8251-2021
Afyon Kocatepe University, Department of Primary Education, Afyonkarahisar, TURKEY

Open Journal for Educational Research, 2021, 5(2), 223-244 * https://doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojer.0502.08223a
Received: 10 September 2021 ▪ Accepted: 9 November 2021 ▪ Published Online: 27 November 2021

LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

ARTICLE (Full Text - PDF)

ABSTRACT:
STEM is the abbreviation of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, and S-STEM is with the addition of the Social Studies discipline. It is thought that getting the views of teachers who have made practical studies on STEM about S-STEM will shed light on both policy-makers and researchers. The aim of the research is to get the views of the primary teachers about S-STEM. This research is a phenomenological study within the scope of basic qualitative research method. Participants of this study are eight primary school teachers. Telephone interviews were used in the interview technique used in this phenomenological study. The data obtained in the research were evaluated by qualitative data analysis. Results were obtained such as the definition of STEM, STEM implementations, dimensions which integrate to STEM, suggestions on integrating social studies to STEM, values and skills which handled with STEM, suggestions for effective S-STEM implementations.

KEY WORDS: STEM, S-STEM, Social Studies, primary school, teachers.

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
Nil Duban, Afyon Kocatepe University, Education Faculty, Afyonkarahisar, TURKEY. E-mail: nily@aku.edu.tr.

REFERENCES:

Adams, A. E., Miller, B. G., Saul, M., & Pegg, J. (2014). Supporting elementary pre-service teachers to teach stem through place-based teaching and learning experiences. Electronic Journal of Science Education, 18(5), 1-22.

Brophy, S., Klein, S., Portsmore, M., & Rogers, C. (2008). Advancing engineering education in P–12 classroom. Journal of Engineering Education, 97(3), 369-387.

Bybee, R. W. (2010). Advancing STEM education: A 2020 vision. Technology and Engineering Teacher, 70(1), 30-35.

Carol, K., & Scott, C. (2017). Creating STEM kits for the classroom. Retrieved from http://digital.nsta.org/publication/?i=429899&article_id=2849756&view=articleBrowser&ver=html5#{"issue_id":429899,"view":"articleBrowser","publication_id":"13899","article_id":"2849756"}.

Carr, R. L., Bennett, L. D., & Strobel, J. (2012). Engineering in the K-12 stem standards of the 50 U.S. states: An analysis of presence and extent. Journal of Engineering Education, 101(3), 539-564.

Chute, E. (2009). STEM education is branching out: Focus shifts from making science, math accessible to more than just brightest. Pittsburg Post-Gazette. Web: http://www.post-gazette.com/news/education/2009/02/10/STEMeducation-is-branchingout/stories/200902100165adresinden16.02.2017tarihindeerişilmiştir.

Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design, choosing among five approaches. Second Ed. USA:  Sage publications.

Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2014). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. (Yüksel Dede, Selçuk Beşir Demir & A. Delice, Translation Ed.). Ankara, Türkiye: Anı Yayıncılık.

Creswell, J. W. (2015). Mixed research methods-qualitative and quantitative research design according five approaches. (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Translation Ed.). Ankara: Siyasal Publishing.

Çınar, S., Pırasa, N., Uzun, N., & Erenler, S. (2016). The effect of stem education on pre-service science teachers’ perception of interdisciplinary education. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 13, 118-142.

Dare, E. A., Ellis, J. A., & Roehrig, H. (2018). Understanding science teachers’ implementations of integrated STEM curricular units through a phenomenological multiple case study. International Journal of STEM Education, 5(4), 1-19.

Garibay, J. C. (2015). Stem students’ social agency and views on working for social change: Are stem disciplines developing socially and civically responsible students? Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 52(5), 610-632.

Ghanbari, S. (2015). Learning across disciplines: A collective case study of two university programs that integrate the arts with STEM. International Journal of Education & the Arts, 16(7). Retrieved fromhttp://www.ijea.org/v16n7/.

Glogowska, M., Young, P., & Lockyer, L. (2011). Propriety, process and purpose: Considerations of the use of the telephone interview methods in an educational research study. Higher Education, 62, 17-26.

Guzey, S. S., Moore, T. J., Harwell, M., & Moreno, M. (2016). STEM Integration in middle school life science: Student learning and attitudes. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 25(4), 550-560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-016-9612-x

Hartzler, D. S. (2000). A meta-analysis of studies conducted on integrated curriculum programs and their effects on student achievement (Doctoral dissertation). Indiana University.

Langdon, D., McKittrick, G., Beede, D., Khan, B., & Doms, M. (2011). STEM: Good Jobs Now and For The Future, Retrieved from http://www.esa.doc.gov/sites/default/files/stemfinalyjuly14_1.pdf

Maeda, John (2013). STEM + Art = STEAM, The STEAM Journal, 1(1),  https://doi.org/10.5642/steam.201301.34

Maguth, B. (2012). In defense of the social studies: Social studies programs in STEM education. Social Studies Research and Practice, 7(2), 84.

Merriam, S. B. (2013). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (S. Turan, Translation Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Publishing.

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. (2nd Edition). Calif.: SAGE Publications.

Morrison, J. (2006). TIES STEM education monograph series, attributes of STEM education. Baltimore, MD: TIES.

Kelly, W. G. (2019).Toward a philosophy of STEAM in the Anthropocene. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 0(0), 1-11.

National Research Council (2011). Reference manual on scientific evidence: Third Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Manfra, M. M. (2013).  Social education. National Council for the Social Studies, 77(2), 95-98.

Meyrick, K. M. (2011). How stem education improves student learning. Meridian K-12 School Computer Technologies Journal, 14(1), 1-5.

Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research and evaluation methods, 1st Ed. (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Translation Ed.). Ankara: Pegem Publishing.

Pitikhate,S., Sakda, S., Anurak, J., & Kitdakorn, K. (2016). Tree robot: An innovation for STEAM education. Real-time Computing and Robotics (RCAR) IEEE International Conference (pp. 338-341).

Pryor, C. R., & Kang, R. (2013). Project-based learning: An interdisciplinary approach for integrating social studies with STEM. In R. M. Capraro, M. M. Capraro & J. Morgan (Eds.), STEM Project-based learning: An integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Approach (pp. 129-138).

Roehrig, G. H., Moore J., T., Wang, H.-H., & Park, M. S. (2012). Is adding the E enough? Investigating the impact of K-12 engineering standards on the implementation of STEM integration. School Science and Mathematics, 112(1), 31-44.

Sanders, M., & Wells, J. G. (2006). Integrative STEM education. Retrieved from http://www.soe.vt.edu/istemed/.

Sanders, M. (2009). Stem, stem education, stemmania. The Technology Teacher, 68(4), 20-26.

Sart, G. (2015). Fenomenoloji ve yorumlayici fenomenolojik analiz. In F. N. Seggie & Y. Bayyurt (Eds.), Nitel araştirma yöntem, teknik, analiz ve yaklaşimlari, ani yayincilik, pp. 70-82.

Schreiber, J. B., & Asner-Self, K. (2011). Educational research. The interrelationship of questions, sampling, design, and analysis. NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 
Social Studies: The Original STEM (NCSS Report) (2017). Retrieved from https://www.socialstudies.org/getting-social/social-studies-original-stem.

Thomasian, J., & National Governors Association, C. P. (2011). Building a science, technology, engineering, and math education agenda: An update of state actions. Retrieved 10 June 2018, from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED532528.pdf.

Wagner, T. (2008). Even our “best” schools are failing to prepare students for 21st century careers and citizenship. Retrieved 20 December 2018, from http://vanschools.org/UserFolders/CurriculumandInstruction/rigor_redefined05_3_2012.pdf.

Wang, H.-H., Moore, T. J., Roehrig, G. H., & Park, M. S. (2011). STEM integration: Teacher perceptions and practice. Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER), 1(2). https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284314636

Wells, J. G. (2008, November). STEM education: The potential of technology education. In 95th Mississippi Valley Technology Teacher Education Conference, St. Louis, MO (Vol. 41).