OJRE Home

2020 - Volume 3 - Number 1

Economic Analysis of Child Labor Based Households

Mochammad Fahlevi * mochammad.fahlevi@binus.ac.id * ORCID: 0000-0002-1419-8308 * ResearcherID: C-4911-2019
Bina Nusantara University, Management Department, BINUS Online Learning, Jakarta, INDONESIA

Open Journal for Research in Economics, 2020, 3(1), 21-32 * https://doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojre.0301.03021f
Received: 5 April 2020 ▪ Accepted: 1 June 2020 ▪ Published Online: 4 June 2020

LICENCE: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

ARTICLE (Full Text - PDF)Economic Analysis of Child Labor Based Households

ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of father characteristics, mother characteristics, household characteristics, child labor characteristics, and community, on work time of child labor in Bengkulu City. This research uses primary data. Sampling was done by incidental method. Data are collected through interviews and questionnaires. The analytical method uses PLS-PM (Partial Least Square-Path Modeling). The results showed that the variables of father characteristics, mother characteristics, household characteristics and community had a negative and significant effect on the working hours of child labor. While the variable child labor characteristics had a positive and significant influence on working hours of child labor. If the father characteristics, the mother characteristics, the household characteristics, and the community are getting better, then the working hours for child labor will be reduced. While, if the child labor characteristics are getting better (the more it fits the criteria, namely male sex, the lower the education, and not going to school), then the work time of child labor will increase. The indicators on the father characteristic variables that most determine are father’s income and father’s education. Indicators on the mother characteristics that most determine are mother's income, mother's education and mother’s occupational status. The most determine indicators of household characteristics are household assets, number of family members, number of children, number of working family members, and parents’ income. Indicators on the most determine characteristics of child labor are the gender of child labor, the education of child labor and the status of child labor. The most determine indicators in the community are market availability and school availability.

KEY WORDS: child labor, household, working hours, Indonesia, Bengkulu.

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
Mochammad Fahlevi, Bina Nusantara University (Faculty Member), Jakarta, INDONESIA. E-mail: mochammad.fahlevi@binus.ac.id.

REFERENCES:

Amao, I. O., Oni, O. A., Yusuf, S. A., & Omonona, B. T. (2010). Determinants of child labour and schooling in rural Northeastern Nigeria. Journal of Rural Economics and Development, 19(1), 34-45.

Amin, S., Quayes, M. S., & Rives, J. M. (2004). Poverty and other determinants of child labor in Bangladesh. Southern Economic Journal, 876-892.

Ariyanti,I. (2016). Socio economic factors affecting the child labour in Palembang City Indonesia. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 21(2), 1-36.

Basu, K. (1999). Child labor: Cause, consequence, and cure, with remarks on international labor standards. Journal of Economic Literature, 37, 1083-1119.

Basu, K., & Van, P. H. (1998). The economics of child labor. The American Economic Review, 88(3), 412-427.

Becker, G. S. (1965). The theory of allocation of time. Economic Journal, 75(299), 493-517.

Becker, G. S. (1981). A treatise on the family. Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England.

BPS (2010). Pekerja Anak di Indonesia 2009 [Child Labor in Indonesia 2009].

Brown, D. K., Deardorff, A.V., & Stern, R. M. (2003). Child labor: Theory, evidence, and policy. In K. Basu, H. Horn, L. Román & J. Shapiro (Eds.), International labor standards. Malden and Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

Choudhury, B. (2006). Child labour in India incidence characteristics and determinants. Dissertation: Proquest.

Creswell, J.W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.

Dayioglu, M. (2006). The impact of household income on child labour in urban Turkey. The Journal of Development Studies, 42(6), 939-956.

Fitdiarini, N., & Sugiharti, L. (2008). Karakteristik dan pola hubungan determinan pekerja anak di Indonesia [Characteristics and patterns of relationship between determinants of child labor in Indonesia]. Jurnal Penelitian Dinas Sosial, 7(1).

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Hanushek, E. A., & Kimko, D. D. (2000). Schooling, labor-force quality, and the growth of nations. The American Economic Review, 90(5), 1184-1208.

ILO (2004). Child labour: A textbook for university students.

ILO (2017). Global estimates of child labour: Results and trends, 2012-2016.Geneva.

Kambhampati, U. S. (2009). Child schooling and work decisions in India: The role of household and regional gender equity, Feminist Economics Journal, 15(4), 77-112.

Mudzongo, C. C., & Whitsel, C. M. (2013). Determinants of child labor in Malawi and Tanzania. Journal of Community Positive Practices, 13(3), 3-24.

Murad, S. M. W., & Kalam, A. (2013). Supply-Side Determinants of Child Labor: Evidence from Urban Bangladesh. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(6), 164-175.

Omonona, B. T., Amao, J. O., & Onoja, R. I. (2010). Determinants of participation of children in income-earning activities among households in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal Social Science, 23(3), 197-205.

Ota, M., & Moffatt, P. G. (2007). The within-household schooling decision: A study of children in rural Andhra Pradesh. Journal of Population Economics, 20, 223-239.

Sahu, K. K. (2013). An empirical study of determinants of child labour. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 2(3), 423-433.

Siddhanta, S., Nandy, D., & Sen, M. (2003). Socio-economic determinants of child labour: A case study of ‘Zari’Industry in West Bengal. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2733927.

Subanti, S., Sasongko, G., & Hakim, A. R. (2016). Faktor penentu partisipasi pekerja anak untuk bekerja-bersekolah dan bekerja penuh waktu di Provinsi Jawa Tengah [Determinants of child labor participation for work-school and full-time work in Central Java Province].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304674091_Faktor_Penentu_Partisipasi_Pekerja_Anak_untuk_Bekerja-Bersekolah_dan_Bekerja_Penuh_Waktu_di_Provinsi_Jawa_Tengah.

Tharmmapornphilas, R. (2008). The determinants of child labor in Thailand: The role of household, public policies and exogenous events. Columbia University.

Ukoha, O. O., Nwaru, J. C., & Emea, M. (2007). Determinants of child labour in crop production in Nigeria: The case study of Abia State. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 380-384.

Webbink, E., Smits, J., & de Jong, E. (2013). Household and context determinants of child labor in 221 districts of 18 developing countries. Social Indicators Research, 110(2), 819-836.